本研究樣本數據來源于世界專利數據庫《德溫特創新索引》(Derwent Innovation Index,DII),檢索的技術領域范圍是全部德溫特分類代碼(Derwent Class Code,DC)所代表的20個技術大類,如表1所示。由于專利的引用需要一定的周期,并且由于DII檢索最高限額10萬條數據的限制,我們經過反復測試后,選取了2005年作為檢索的時間范圍。數據檢索和下載日期為2015年3月17日。
我們設定的高被引-中被引-零被引專利數據的檢索條件如下:高被引專利的被引頻次在25次以上;中被引的專利被引頻次為9-10次;零被引的專利被引頻次為0次。原本設想高被引-中被引-零被引三個頻段各選取5000條甚至更多的數據作為樣本,但測試后發現不具有可能性,絕大多數DC領域按被引頻次由高到低排序到5000條時,往往被引頻次就只有6-7次、甚至0次了。最后經過反復測試,確定了三個被引頻段分別下載500條專利數據為分析樣本,才能保證過半數的DC技術領域符合設定的條件。有幾個DC大類的專利數據超過10萬條,為了數據準確,遇此情況,則選擇了該大類之下的某幾個子類,例如Q大類超過了10萬條,于是選擇了Q1* OR Q2* OR Q3*這幾個子類共計82627條。樣本數據選取的具體信息如表1所示。
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... If you can dream――and not make dreams your master,
... If you can fill the unforgiving minute
with sixty seconds’ worth of distance run,
Yours is the Earth and everything that’s in it,
And―which is more―you’ll be a Man, my son!”
接著通讀,賞析,后給出譯文。開始沒有“入戲”,但隨著賞析的深入,大家感受到了此中的微言大義。最后全班跟讀,從娓娓道來到氣勢如虹,融入對生命的體悟與熱情,將該詩表現的淋漓盡致。內涵生命教育的詩歌還有很多,如《西風頌》(Ode to the West)、《當你老了》(When you grow old)等。
I was used to do things by my own, because I did not like to cooperate with other person, for I thought it was so easy and quick for me to finish the job. But since I went to high school, I thought I could not do things on my own any more, I needed someone else’s help. Take the biology homework for example. The teacher asked us to do some researches and then handed in the conclusion in the next class. It took me some time to finish the research, what’s more, I did not have enough time to do all the researches, so if I cooperated with other students, we could share our researches and then made the overall conclusion. It not only saved my time, but also helped me to promote the communication with my classmate. Cooperation has the great power.