中圖分類號 Q344+.11 文獻標識碼 A 文章編號 1007-5739(2016)02-0015-04
Abstract The potential impact of transgenic crops on biodiversity has been a topic of interest both in China and abroad. This paper reviewed the advances of the researches that based on the impact of transgenic crops on crop biodiversity and agro-biodiversity. The agro-biodiversity included following aspects:the major influence on soil communities of micro- and other organisms from transgenic crops;the effect of herbicide-resistant transgenic crops on the composition of weed communities;the effect of insect-resistant transgenic crops on target pest and non-target organisms;and the herbicides and pesticides application effect on transgenic crops. Based on the review,the conclusion may be drown that transgenic crops could continue to decrease the pressure on biodiversity. The negative factors should be reduced to the lowest level of the new variety breeding of transgenic plants.
Key words transgenic crop;crop biodiversity;agro-biodiversity;breeding
農業生物多樣性對微生物和土壤生物群體有主要作用,同時這些微生物和生物群體對土壤系統的功能有根本影響,如氮循環、廢物的分解、營養的調動。許多研究對轉Bt作物對土壤生物群落的潛在影響進行了深入分析。Icoz and Stotzky[7]基于70篇科學論文對Bt作物對土壤生態系統的影響研究進行了充分的論述。發現轉Bt植物對土壤中微生物組群的影響程度大小表現為從無影響到輕微影響再到顯著影響,他們是不同地理環境、溫度、植物品種和土壤類型作用的結果,一般來說,土壤類型的作用是暫時的,與Cry蛋白的存在無關。總體來說,Cry蛋白很少或者沒有對潮蟲、跳蟲、螨蟲、蚯蚓、線蟲、原生動物有毒性作用,關 瀟等[8]利用普通水稻和轉基因水稻作為材料,研究對土壤生物群落的影響,結果表明,非轉基因組土壤微生物群落結構特征具有一定的相似性,轉基因組也具有類似的土壤微生物群落結構;轉基因水稻與非轉基因組相比,土壤微生物生物總量差異不顯著,轉Bt基因水稻根際土壤中的細菌、真菌、放線菌隨季節變化趨勢明顯,轉基因組與非轉基因組之間無顯著差異(P>0.05),影響較小。
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Sustainable Development Between Protected Areas and the Adjacent Communities
LIU Jing OUYANG Zhiyun MIAO Hong XU Weihua
(State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for EcoEnvironmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China)
城市綠地系統(Green space system)是指城市建成區或規劃區范圍內,以各種類型的綠地為組分構成的系統。從內涵上歸納,城市綠地系統具有園藝、生態和空間三種內涵。從這種意義上來解釋城市綠地系統,可以將它定義為在城市空間環境內,以自然植被和人工植被為主要存在形態的能發揮生態平衡功能,且其對城市生態、景觀和居民休閑生活有積極作用、綠化環境較好的區域,還包括連接各公園、生產防護綠地、居住綠地、風景區及市郊森林的綠色通道(Greenway)和能使市民接觸自然的水域[4]。它具有系統性、整體性、連續性、動態穩定性、多功能性、地域性的特征。